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Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of metastatic sites symptom as the first manifestation in esophageal carcinoma patients with stage T 1 and T 2, and to provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods:The clinical data of 50 esophageal carcinoma patients with stage T 1 and T 2 who had lymph node or distant metastasis as the first symptom in Anyang Tumor Hospital of Henan Province from November 2007 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed by using log-rank test. Results:Among 50 patients with esophageal carcinoma, lymph node metastases as the first symptom were found in 42 cases and distant organ metastases as the first symptom were found in 8 cases. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ were 58.7%, 49.0%, 16.3% and 56.1%, 12.2%, 0, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference in OS of both groups ( P = 0.094). The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates of patients with stage N 1 and stage N 2-N 3 were 63.5%, 34.7%, 17.3% and 52.2%, 11.9%, 0, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference in OS of both groups ( P = 0.083). The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates were 64.6%, 30.5%, 18.3%, respectively in radiotherapy group and 38.2%, 0, 0, respectively in non-radiotherapy group, and there was a statistically significant difference in OS of both groups ( P = 0.008); the progression-free survival in radiotherapy group was better than that in non-radiotherapy group ( P = 0.028). The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates were 70.8%, 35.5%, 21.3% and 33.3%, 0, 0 and 35.4%, 0, 0, respectively in concurrent chemoradiotherapy group, radiotherapy group and chemotherapy group, and there was a statistically significant difference in overall survival among three groups ( P = 0.004). The results of univariate analysis showed that radiotherapy ( χ2 = 7.112, P = 0.008) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( χ2 = 10.940, P = 0.004) were the main factors affecting the prognosis. Conclusions:Lymph node and distant metastasis could occur in esophageal carcinoma patients with stage T 1 and T 2. Radiotherapy can prolong the progression-free survival time and concurrent chemoradiotherapy could benefit overall survival of these patients.
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The urothelium is a transitional epithelium which lines on the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and proximal urethra adjacent to the bladder. It’s a permeability barrier. In the process of urothelial development or injury repair, the mature urothelial cells expressing uroplakin appears after the hierarchical transcription of a series of transcription factors in basal stem cells. Understanding normal urothelial differentiation process of the urothelial cells could be beneficial to uncover the development of urothelial carcinoma so that to provide targeted therapy options and the study of the urinary tract repair process after injury. In addition, the study of stem cell differentiation microenvironment also provides important theoretical support for tissue engineering and tissue reconstruction. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on urothelial cell differentiation and its clinical significance.
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Objective:To compare the prognosis of fluoroucil combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel combined with cisplatin regimens with concurrent radiotherapy in treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:A total of 120 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to Anyang Tumor Hospital of Henan Province from December 2012 to November 2018 were randomly divided into group A and group B by using a random number generator. Group A was given cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil, and group B was given cisplatin combined with paclitaxel. Both groups had the same radiotherapy regimen, and both used intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Completions of 50 Gy radiotherapy and at least one cycle of chemotherapy were considered to be in line with the plan. Survival data was analyzed in the term of intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) set.Results:Of the 120 patients, 114 patients were treated and the adverse reactions could be evaluated, including 55 cases in group A and 59 cases in group B. The incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ leukopenia in group B was higher than that in group A [49.2% (29/59) vs. 25.5% (14/55)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 6.805, P = 0.012), and there were no statistical differences in the other adverse reactions between the two groups (All P > 0.05). A total of 113 cases can be analyzed for survival. According to ITT analysis, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time in group A and group B was 28.0 months (95% CI 15.5-34.5 months) and 27.0 months (95% CI 17.0-41.0 months), the median overall survival (OS) time was 28.0 months (95% CI 15.8-34.2 months) and not reached, the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). According to PP analysis, the median PFS time in group A and group B was 28.0 months (95% CI 15.8-34.2 months) and 29.0 months (95% CI 14.9-45.1 months), the median OS time in group A and group B was 28.0 months (95% CI 3.7-52.3 months) and not reached, the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). Conclusions:The fluorouracil combined with cisplatin regimen and paclitaxel combined with cisplatin regimen with concurrent radiotherapy have similar PFS and OS time in treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the adverse reactions are different, but they are all tolerable. In individualized clinical practice, the toxicities and costs of the two regimens can be comprehensively considered.
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Background and purpose:The previous research has found that the prostate stromal cells derived from different prostate zones have distinct effect on prostate epithelial cells. We also revealed that LMO2 protein was highly expressed in PZ stromal cells (PZSCs) and prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) compared with TZ stromal cells. This study investigated the effect of LMO2 protein in prostate stromal cells on proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its mechanisms. Methods:Lentivirus overexpression vectors were used to establish LMO2-overexpressed prostate WPMY-1 stromal cell line. shRNA plasmids were used to suppress LMO2 in CAFs. LMO2 mRNA and protein level of both WPMY-1 and CAFs were evaluated by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot. Then, PC-3 cells were co-cultured with different prostate stromal cells and the in vitro proliferation and invasion of PC-3 were measured by CCK-8 and matrigel invasion assays respectively. Results:When co-cultured with LMO2-overexpressed prostate stromal cells, both proliferation and in-vasion of PC-3 were improved. However, when co-cultured with CAFs which have inhibited expression of LMO2, the proliferation and invasion of PC-3 were reduced. The protein array proifling found that both interleukin-11 (IL-11) and ifbroblast growth factor-9 (FGF-9) were enhanced extensively in the supernatant collected from LMO2-overexpressed WPMY-1 cells. Conclusion:The expression of LMO2 in prostate stromal cells could be responsible for development of prostate cancer. Paracrine of cytokines, such as IL-11 and FGF-9, from LMO2-overexpressed stromal cells had effects on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells.
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We collected the medical data of conscription physical examination from a certain county,Shandong Province,in August 2013.A cohort of 711 young males aged from 17 to 24 years were included.Among them,231 cases were diagnosed with varicocele (VC) with a prevalence of 32.49％ (231/ 711).Its grades were Ⅰ ° VC(n =5,2.2％),Ⅱ ° VC (n =165,71.4％) and Ⅲ° VC(n =54,23.4％).And 7 cases (3.0％) had surgical intervention.Our reported prevalence was significantly higher than that in the literature.Further researches are waranteed.
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Objective To investigate the effect of LMO2 gene,which is overexpressed in prostate peripheral zone than transitional zone,on proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer PC-3 cell line or normal prostate epithelial BPH-1 cell line.Methods Lentivirus overexpression system was used to establish the LMO2 protein overexpressed prostate WPMY-1 stromal cell line.The LMO2 mRNA and protein expression level of those cells was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot.The PC-3 or BPH-1 cells was cocultured with prostate stromal cells and the in vitro proliferation and invasion activity were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8),EdU and Matrigel invasive assays.Results The stable LMO2 overexpressed prostate stromal cells WPMY-1-LMO2 was successfully established.The results of CCK-8,EdU experiments indicated the proliferation and invasion activity of PC-3 or BPH-1 cells were both enhanced through cocultured with WPMY-1-LMO2 cells.The proportion of EdU positive cells of PC-3 cultured in WPMY-1-LMO2 supernatant was (42.67 ± 6.03) ％,and the difference was significant compared with the control group (29.33 ± 3.51) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).The BPH-1 culturcd in the supernatant was (35.00 ± 2.52) ％,aud the difference was significant compared with the control group (23.33 ± 2.52) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).The number of invaded PC-3 or BPH-1 cells after co-cultured with WPMY-1-LMO2 cells was 38 ± 5 and 43 ± 3,respectively,which was significantly different compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Tbe LMO2 overexpressed prostate stromal cells could induce proliferation and invasion of PC-3 or BPH-1 cells.The propensity of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer at different zones may probably be related to distinctive gene expression between peripheral zone and transitional zone derived stromal cells.
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Objective To assess the efficacy of triple therapy including proton pump inhibitor (PPI), levofloxacin and amoxicillin for the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection, and the relation between H. pylori eradication and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism. Methods Two hundred and five H. pylori-positive patients were divided into group E_(20) (esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily), group E_(40)(esomeprazote 40 mg twice daily),group R (rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily) and group L (lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily). Besides PPI, all patients were received levofloxacin 500 mg daily and amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily for 1 week. The CYP2C19 genotypes were detected in 161 patients. The eradication of H. pylori were analyzed by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) methods.ResultsThe H. pylori eradication was 86.70% in group E_(20), 88.5% in group E_(40),73.5% in group R and 78.1% in group L. Whereas the H. pylori eradication was 90% in patients with PM genotype,81.5% in patients with HetEM genotype and 82.1% in patients with HomEM genotype. The H.pylori eradication was 83.4% and 79.00% by per protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses,respectively. There was no significant difference in H. pylori eradication among four groups (P>0.05), and no relation was found between H. pylori eradication and genotypes (P>0.05). Conclusions PPI based triple therapy was effective in eradication of H. pylori, which is not influenced by CYP2C19 genotypes.
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The incidence of Peyronie's disease has continuously increased during the last 30 years. Because of the better understanding of the basic sciences of the disease, earlier diagnosis and improved medical and surgical treatment, currently patients with Peyronie's disease have a wider range of therapeutic options and may experience a better prognosis, with only few of them in need of prosthesis surgery. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie's disease.